What is an example of transformations in GIS?

Generating new data from existing data represents a fundamental aspect of transformations in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Transformations involve manipulating spatial data to create new datasets or to alter the existing ones. In GIS, this might include processes like combining layers, performing calculations to derive new values (such as calculating average rainfall from multiple weather data sources), or applying geographic operations that produce modified spatial data, like the union or intersection of various geographic features.

The other options, while related to different functionalities within GIS, do not specifically illustrate the concept of transformations. Querying data refers to the process of extracting specific information from a dataset based on certain criteria. Measuring distances is a technical procedure that uses data but does not transform it into a new form. Creating maps involves visual representation and communication of spatial information, rather than changing the underlying data. Therefore, the generation of new data from existing data is the most accurate representation of transformations in GIS.