What system involves linear measurements in two directions from a pair of perpendicular axes?

The Plane Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate System is defined by two perpendicular axes, usually referred to as the x-axis (horizontal) and the y-axis (vertical). In this system, any point in a two-dimensional space can be identified using a pair of linear measurements that indicate the distance from each axis. This makes it particularly useful for surveying and mapping, as it provides a clear and systematic method for locating points on a plane.

For example, a point can be expressed with coordinates (x, y), where 'x' signifies the distance from the y-axis and 'y' signifies the distance from the x-axis. This setup is fundamental for various applications in the surveying and engineering fields, facilitating accurate plotting, calculations, and data interpretation in a flat, two-dimensional space.

The other systems mentioned do not align with this description. The Geographic Coordinate System uses latitude and longitude measurements around the Earth’s surface, while the Polar Coordinate System relies on a distance from a central point and an angle from a reference direction. The Spherical Coordinate System extends these concepts into three dimensions, utilizing two angles and a radius to define a point in space. Therefore, the Plane Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate System is uniquely suited for linear measurements in two dimensions from perpendicular axes.