What term refers to the measure of the force of gravity acting on an object?

The measure of the force of gravity acting on an object is referred to as weight. Weight is a specific force that results from the gravitational attraction between the object and a celestial body, typically the Earth. It is dependent not only on the mass of the object but also on the acceleration due to gravity, which is about 9.81 m/s² on the surface of the Earth.

In contrast, mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and does not change regardless of the object's location or the gravitational force acting on it. Volume refers to the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies, and density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. Thus, while all these terms relate to physical properties of matter, weight specifically quantifies the gravitational force exerted on an object, distinguishing it from the other concepts.