Which error is known to arise from the deflection of satellite signals?

Multipath Error occurs when satellite signals bounce off surfaces such as buildings, trees, or the ground before reaching the receiver. This bouncing can cause the signal to take a longer path to the receiver than it should, resulting in an inaccurate position calculation. Essentially, the receiver gets confused by the multiple signals arriving at different times, leading to errors in determining the correct location. This type of error is particularly significant in urban environments where there are many reflective surfaces.

While other options describe different types of errors associated with satellite positioning, they do not directly stem from the deflection of satellite signals in the same way that Multipath Error does. Ephemeris Error refers to inaccuracies in the satellite's reported position due to errors in its orbital data. Atmospheric Effects, including ionospheric and tropospheric delays, can distort signals but are not purely due to signal deflection. PDOP Error relates to the Geometric Dilution of Precision, which arises from the relative positions of satellites and does not involve deflection of signals. Thus, Multipath Error is the specific error recognized for its direct relation to signal reflection and deflection.