Which field of study involves the origin, history, and structure of Earth?

Geology is the field of study that focuses on the origin, history, and structure of the Earth. It examines various processes that shape the Earth's surface and interior, including plate tectonics, volcanic activity, erosion, and sedimentation. By studying rock formations, fossils, and the various geological features, geologists can uncover the Earth’s past and understand how it has evolved over time. This knowledge is crucial not only for understanding natural phenomena but also for resource management, environmental protection, and predicting geological hazards.

The other fields listed do not focus specifically on the Earth. Biology concerns the study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environments. Botany is a branch of biology that specifically studies plants, while ecology looks into the relationships between organisms and their ecosystems. Each of these fields contributes to our understanding of life on Earth but does not encompass the Earth’s origin or geological history.