Which GIS data model consists of arrays of grid cells where each cell represents a value?

The GIS data model known as Raster consists of arrays of grid cells, commonly referred to as pixels. In this model, each cell is assigned a specific value that represents information for that area, such as temperature, elevation, or land cover type. Raster data is particularly useful for representing continuous phenomena, as it allows for the visualization and analysis of variations across space because each cell's value can convey information about its surrounding environment.

Raster models excel in certain applications, such as remote sensing and environmental modeling, where data can be uniformly represented. This contrasts with the Vector data model, which represents spatial features using points, lines, and polygons, making it more suited for discrete data.

Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN) is a model specifically designed for representing surfaces using triangles, which is not based on a grid cell structure. Bathymetry refers to the study and mapping of underwater depth, which can utilize various representations but does not describe a specific GIS data model comparable to Raster, Vector, or TIN.

The Raster model is thus the most suitable choice because it accurately describes the arrangement of grid cells, each holding specific values, fundamental for various applications in GIS analysis.