Which of the following best describes the properties of hardwood trees?

Hardwood trees are characterized by their broad leaves, and one of their most defining features is that they typically shed their leaves annually in the fall. This process is known as deciduousness. During this time, hardwood trees prepare for the colder months by conserving water and energy, leading to the annual cycle of leaf drop.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe hardwood trees. Needle-like leaves are associated with softwood trees, such as pines and spruces, which belong to the conifer group, often maintaining their foliage year-round. The term "evergreen" applies to those trees that retain their leaves throughout all seasons, which is not a defining characteristic of hardwoods, as many are deciduous. While some hardwood species may grow in wetland areas, this is not true for all hardwoods, and thus, it does not serve as a definitive property of the broader category. Overall, the annual shedding of leaves is a hallmark of many hardwood species.