Which of the following is considered a central component of a computer?

The central processing unit (CPU) is often referred to as the brain of the computer, as it is responsible for executing instructions and processing data. It carries out the commands from programs by performing basic arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations. Because of its crucial role in determining the speed and performance of a computer, it is considered a central component.

The motherboard, while critical, serves mainly as the main circuit board that interconnects all components of the computer, including the CPU. The power supply converts electrical power to the correct voltage for the components, and the graphics card is essential for rendering images and graphics but is not responsible for executing general computing processes. Thus, the CPU uniquely stands out as the component that directly performs calculations and operations essential to a computer's function.